Mary Sheley’s Frankenstein is one of the most influential literary works reflecting on the relationships between knowledge, authority, subjectivity, and ethical boundaries in modern science. Written at the historical intersection of Enlightenment rationalism and Romantic skepticism, the novel’s narrative dramatizes the central contradiction of the collapse of scientific control, which unfolds when knowledge is separated from responsibility, recognition, and symbolic accountability. Most existing interpretations of the novel only critique science, not providing a systematic perspective on the logic of Enlightenment scientific authority from its formation to its eventual collapse. Against this research gap, this study puts forward its main question: How does Frankenstein represent Enlightenment scientific authority and its collapse? The goal of this study is to analyze premises of this authority, from its construction and legitimation to its eventual demise. It adopts a Lacanian-Foucauldian discourse analysis framework, drawing on theoretical notions and concepts from the three theorists Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, and Slavoj Žižek to carry out its analysis. It breaks through the conventional reading, which only defines Victor as an ambitious scientist, and positions him as an Enlightenment master who dictates the knowledge of his era, while the Creature is framed as the hysterical subject that dismantles his authority. It surpasses the widespread reading that Frankenstein merely offers a critique of science and interprets the novel as a profound reflection on the Enlightenment logic and Romantic spirit.